Every parent naturally hopes their child will grow up smart and successful, but intelligence is not solely determined by genetics. Recent neuroscience research shows that a child’s environment and parenting play a critical role in shaping brain development from an early age.

Here are 10 science-backed ways to foster a child’s intelligence, as cited by Time:

1. Music lessons – Children engaged in music activities show higher IQ gains than those who do not and benefit in classroom learning. Music can also benefit parents.

2. Physical activity – Outdoor movement enhances concentration, memory, creativity, and planning skills. Exercise builds neural connections supporting self-control and schoolwork.

3. Read together, not for them – Reading with children helps build literacy and reading strategies, rather than just reading to them.

4. Adequate sleep – Sleep deprivation negatively affects cognitive development. Teens with higher grades tend to sleep longer.

5. Self-discipline over IQ – Perseverance and self-control predict academic and life success more than IQ.

6. Active learning – Learning is more effective when active, such as testing memory rather than only reading.

7. Healthy diet – Nutritious, high-fiber, slow-digesting carbs support thinking skills. High-fat, low-carb meals reduce brain performance.

8. Happy children – Happier children tend to become more successful adults. Happy parents contribute to raising happy kids.

9. Peer and environment – A healthy environment and good peer interactions have more impact on a child’s development than genetics alone.

10. Trust your child – Believing in a child’s abilities builds confidence and motivates them to achieve success.